Are solar energy systems available on all islands?

Only few studies have investigated systems without PV and wind energy. In these cases, local available resources of ocean, hydro, geothermal, or biomass play big roles. However, these resources are not available on all islands.

What is a hybrid solar energy system?

This hybrid system can take advantage of the complementary nature of solar and wind energy: solar panels produce more electricity during sunny days when the wind might not be blowing, and wind turbines can generate electricity at night or during cloudy days when solar panels are less effective.

Are solar PV and wind turbines sustainable power systems on islands?

Similar to the global trend, solar PV, and wind turbines are key elements of sustainable power systems on islands. Besides the generation of electricity without direct carbon emissions, the global trend is based on the economics of both systems.

How can a sustainable power system be implemented on islands?

The third part focus on actions in the context of grid extension and interconnections between neighboured islands. Similar to the global trend, solar PV, and wind turbines are key elements of sustainable power systems on islands.

Can solar power power a small island of Hong Kong?

Ma et al. (2015a) suggest a similar system design for a small island of Hong Kong composed of solar PV, wind, and a pumped hydro storage instead of battery storage. Again, solar PV contributes the major share of power complemented by a lower but crucial share of wind power in times of low solar resources.

What are hybrid power modes based on PV & wind & energy storage?

Hybrid power modes based on PV, wind, and energy storage system are discussed. Optimal schemes are given by maximizing renewable penetration (RP) economically. A 53% RP can be achieved by a hybrid renewable system without energy storage. An economically available maximum RP of 96% can be achieved with battery storage.