What is a stackable energy storage system?

Stackable Energy Storage Systems, or SESS, represent a cutting-edge paradigm in energy storage technology. At its core, SESS is a versatile and dynamic approach to accumulating electrical energy for later use. Unlike conventional energy storage systems that rely on monolithic designs, SESS adopts a modular concept.

Does energy storage support service stacking?

The variety of scope among the reviewed literature indicates that service stacking using energy storage is a complex topic and involved several important aspects. An important aspect to raise and discuss is the meaning of “optimality” in the different cases.

What is the optimal ESS for service stacking?

From the reviewed literature the “optimality” approach varies frequently between the two cases with a majority of objective functions maximizing profit as main target. From the review it is found that the typical ESS used for service stacking is a 1C storage with approx. 1 MW/1 MWh rated power and energy capacities.

What are energy storage solutions for grid applications?

Energy storage solutions for grid applications are becoming more common among grid owners, system operators and end-users. Storage systems are enablers of several possibilities and may provide efficient solutions to e.g., energy balancing, ancillary services as well as deferral of infrastructure investments.

Can service stacking be implemented independently of storage technology?

Service stacking can be implemented independently of storage technology, although the possible service portfolio depends on the ESS characteristics and location. Storage units that are operating mainly for a service with large seasonal variation, service stacking has a great potential to be implemented.

Is service stacking a good investment?

To ensure that an energy storage investment is guaranteed a reasonable payback period and a good return of investment it is advantageous to consider the possibility of service stacking. By offering additional services in turns or in parallel with the main service it is possible to create important revenue streams.