The main energy storage substances in seeds

Transcriptome analysis of Cinnamomum migao seed germination

With seed germination, oil bodies and other substances gradually degraded to supply energy; this was consistent with the content of storage substances. In parallel to electron microscopy and physiological analyses, transcriptome analysis showed that 80–90 % of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) appeared after seed imbibition, reflecting

Soybean LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 regulates subsets of

Soybean is an important oilseed crop and major dietary protein resource, yet the molecular processes and regulatory mechanisms involved in biosynthesis of seed storage substances are not fully

Transcriptome analysis of Cinnamomum migao seed germination in

With seed germination, oil bodies and other substances gradually degraded to supply energy; this was consistent with the content of storage substances. In parallel to electron microscopy and physiological analyses, transcriptome analysis showed that 80–90 % of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) appeared after seed imbibition, reflecting

Regulation of seed storage protein synthesis in monocot and

This review summarizes the divergent processes of storage protein accumulation in monocot and dicot seeds. Furthermore, it provides systematical comparisons about storage protein characteristics, regulatory networks, and genetic improvements between seeds of monocot and dicot plants. Finally, future perspectives and challenges for improving storage protein

Why do plants store energy as carbohydrates and not

Triacylglycerols are highly concentrated stores of metabolic energy because they are reduced and anhydrous. The yield from the complete oxidation of fatty acids is about 9 kcal g –1 (38 kJ g –1), in contrast with about

Storage lipid formation in seeds

Further elaboration of oleoyl-CoA to produce polyunsaturates, hydroxylates or very long chain acyl-CoAs occurs on the endoplasmic reticulum, as does the esterification of acyl-CoAs to glycerol-3-phosphate to produce the final triacylglycerol storage oil. The temporal and hormonal regulation of storage lipid accumulation in seeds is discussed.

Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Germination of Aged

Starch, a substance stored in seeds, is the main source of energy for germination in sorghum seeds. However, as the seeds age, the catabolism of seed starch is affected, thereby seriously damaging germination

How Plants Use & Store Carbohydrates

Glucose can be used in respiration to provide energy. Converted to sucrose for transport in the phloem. As nectar to attract insects for pollination. Plants can also convert the carbohydrates made into lipids for an

Photosynthesis and Metabolism – Nutrition: Science and Everyday

Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants, stored in seeds, roots, and tubers for later use as an energy source for the plant to reproduce. When a seed is buried deep in the soil, this starch can be broken down into glucose to be used for energy for the seed to sprout.

Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Germination of Aged Sorghum Seeds

The energy supply in the seed germination stage comes from the decomposition of storage substances in the seeds, which is starch in the case of sorghum grains. Our experiment found that the starch content in aged sorghum seeds was lower than that in normal seeds before germination, suggesting that starch was consumed during the aging

Carbohydrate reserves and seed development: an overview

Carbohydrates are one of the main energy sources for both plant and animal cells and play a fundamental role in seed development, human nutrition and the food industry. Many studies have focused on the molecular pathways that control carbohydrate flow during seed development in

Proteomic Analysis Reveals Key Proteins and Phosphoproteins upon Seed

DEPs involved in storage substance mobilization and energy supply. The main physiological characteristics of the three phases during seed germination were storage degradation, physiological processes/morphogenesis, and photosynthesis (Bewley, 1997). In Phase I, proteins involved in storage substance mobilization and energy generation were

Structural development and physicochemical properties of

Background Starch is the main storage substance in rice caryopsis and its properties will determine the quality of rice. Super rice has been extensively studied due to its high-yield characteristics, but the knowledge of amyloplast development and starch quality in caryopsis of super rice especially with large panicle is limited. Results To address this, large

Frontiers | Insights into the regulation of energy metabolism

The interconversion of starch and sugar provided energy storage substances in mature seeds and further acted as energy sources to support seed germination and seedling growth. Thus, effective protection and active restoration engineering are becoming increasingly important. Seed restoration is the main method to repair damaged seagrass

Regulation of seed storage protein synthesis in monocot and

During seed development, storage compounds containing carbohydrates, storage proteins, and lipids are synthesized. These storage reserves provide about 70% of the energy intake derived from food and animal feed. Seed supplies provide an important agriculture source with regard to economic development and guarantee global food security.

Frontiers | Soybean LEC2 Regulates Subsets of Genes Involved in

Citation: Manan S, Ahmad MZ, Zhang G, Chen B, Haq BU, Yang J and Zhao J (2017) Soybean LEC2 Regulates Subsets of Genes Involved in Controlling the Biosynthesis and Catabolism of Seed Storage Substances and Seed Development. Front. Plant Sci. 8:1604. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01604. Received: 20 June 2017; Accepted: 31 August 2017; Published: 20

Review of the Current Research Progress of Seed Germination

Germination inhibitors, which inhibit the germination of seeds, spores and other plant reproductive material, are abundant in the plant kingdom and include phenols, cyanides, alkaloids, essential oils, amino acids, etc. These inhibitors can be classified as germination destructors and germination retarders depending on whether they harm the morphology,

Environmental risk substances in soil on seed germination:

Recently, significant research attention has been directed towards the impact of environmental risk substances on plant growth (Fig. 1).For example, heavy metals, a typical soil pollutant, was investigated by Deng et al. [7].They studied the germination performance of maize seed under dual stress of heavy metal (Cu 2+, Cd 2+, and Hg 2+) and heat (40 ℃).

Polysaccharides: Occurrence, Significance, and Properties

The main chain has the structure of cellulose, i. e., it has a repeating unit of cellobiose. Starch is the principal carbohydrate energy‐storage substance of higher plants [32,33,34] and, after cellulose, the second most abundant carbohydrate end-product of photosynthesis. Starch is not only a reserve substance of many higher plants, it

Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Germination of Aged Sorghum Seeds

Starch, a substance stored in seeds, is the main source of energy for germination in sorghum seeds. However, as the seeds age, the catabolism of seed starch is affected, thereby seriously damaging germination ability. In this study, we aimed to understand how exogenous spermidine promoted germination in aged sorghum seed. Our phenotypic

Choosing the Right Path for the Successful Storage of Seeds

Seeds are the most commonly used source of storage material to preserve the genetic diversity of plants. However, prior to the deposition of seeds in gene banks, several questions need to be addressed. Here, we illustrate the scheme that can be used to ensure that the most optimal conditions are identified to enable the long-term storage of seeds. The main questions that

Metabolism of Storage Carbohydrates | SpringerLink

2.1 Sucrose Biosynthesis. Sucrose is the major form of carbohydrates which is translocated from source to sink in sieve elements of plants. It is the most ubiquitous and abundant disaccharide (α-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-fructofuranoside) in plant tissue which is synthesized from two monosaccharides (α-D-glucopyranose and β-D-fructofuranose) by

Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) modulate multiple lipid metabolism

Background Biological and abiotic stresses such as salt, extreme temperatures, and pests and diseases place major constraints on plant growth and crop yields. Fatty acids (FAs) and FA- derivatives are unique biologically active substance that show a wide range of functions in biological systems. They are not only participated in the regulation of energy storage

Starch biosynthesis in cereal endosperms: An updated

Storage starch, synthesized in the seeds, tubers, corms, and roots of plants, is the main substance used by plants to store carbohydrates and is the most important energy source for all living organisms, as well as an important in-dustrial raw material and additive (Zeeman et al., 2010). The degradation of storage starch can also affect seed

Editorial: Molecular regulation of seed development and storage

These articles mainly focus on seed biopriming, seed development, molecular regulation of seed storage components, and impact of stress on plant yield. Over the past 10,000 years, the

Cryopreservation of herbaceous Asteraceae seeds: Effects of seed

Carbohydrate, lipid and protein, the three main storage reserves of seeds, are the main sources of raw materials and energy for seed germination and early growth stage of seedlings. In this study, the seed of 16 Asteraceae herbaceous ornamentals were used to compare the changes in seed germination, seedling growth indexes and four major storage

Insights into the regulation of energy metabolism during the seed

The interconversion of starch and sugar provided energy storage substances in mature seeds and further acted as energy sources to support seed germination and seedling growth. Thus, effective protection and active restoration engineering are becoming increasingly important. Seed restoration is the main method to repair damaged seagrass

Current research and future directions of melatonin''s role in seed

Desiccated seeds are rich in storage substances, such as starch, storage proteins, and lipids. During seed germination, these substances are broken down and efficiently reutilized to provide the energy required for the initiating of germination and to facilitate a smooth transition into early seedling growth.

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